Denial rates for most mortgage products declined on an annual basis in 2025, though denials of applications for purchase mortgages via FHA and USDA increased slightly. (Includes data table.)

Credit history was cited less by lenders last year as a reason for denying an application for a refinance, while debt-to-income ratio persisted as the top reason for rejecting applications for a purchase mortgage. (Includes data table.)

Consumer complaints filed with the CFPB increased across all categories during the first quarter. Issues with student loans were up 34.1% from the fourth quarter. (Includes two data tables.)