Policy changes impacting 15% of GDP in an election year are inherently risky, according to Isaac Boltansky of Compass Point. The result, he said, is likely to be “a long and winding road” toward housing-finance reform.

The severity of some of the proposals in FHFA’s request for information on PACE financing suggests the agency intends to take some drastic steps.

The bulk of Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s prevention actions were aimed at home retention, with 20,370 loans modified, repayment plans negotiated on 5,965 delinquent loans and 3,328 units receiving some sort of forbearance.

The loans covered by the GSEs’ loan performance data have much lower default rates than those in their full book of business, according to the AEI.

FHFA Director Mark Calabria walked back the idea of using a consent decree as part of the agency’s plan to recap and release Fannie and Freddie from conservatorship.

Barclays, the largest underwriter of GSE debt bonds, reached a settlement worth $87 million. Separately, a group of 12 financial institutions collectively agreed to pay investors $250 million to settle their claims.

Thirteen major financial institutions have agreed to pay a combined $337 million to settle an antitrust lawsuit accusing their trading desks of engaging in a price-fixing scheme for Fannie and Freddie debt.

In a partial ruling, the U.S. Court of Federal Claims has allowed a collection of lawsuits challenging the net-worth sweep to go to trial.

The FHFA has proposed a rule that would exempt the Federal Home Loan Banks from conducting stress tests required by the Dodd-Frank Act.