A working paper authored by two Federal Reserve Bank of New York economists found that refinancing can be “fruitfully employed” as a tool for loss mitigation by investors and lenders. In their paper, “Payment Changes and Default Risk: The Impact of Refinancing on Expected Credit Losses,” Fed economists Joseph Tracy and Joshua Wright found that the relationship between borrowers’ monthly payments and future credit performance is important for the design of an initiative such as the Home Affordable Refinance Program. The authors used a competing risk model to estimate the sensitivity of default risk...